When stepping into the world of cannabis, one of the first things new users notice is how rich the culture is with terminology. From strain names to consumption terms, this language is both a reflection of cannabis’ history and an essential guide to making informed choices. Understanding common cannabis terminology helps newcomers feel more comfortable, confident, and empowered when shopping or discussing strains with friends and dispensary staff.
What Is a Strain?
A “strain” refers to a specific variety of cannabis bred to highlight unique characteristics like aroma, flavor, and effect. Strains are often hybrids of Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, the two primary species most consumers encounter. Sativas are generally known for uplifting, energetic effects, while indicas are more associated with relaxation and body comfort. Hybrids combine qualities of both, and nearly all strains on today’s market are hybrids to some degree.
Terpenes: The Aroma Drivers
One term new users will hear often is “terpenes.” Terpenes are natural aromatic compounds found in cannabis (and many other plants) that influence flavor and smell. For example, myrcene gives an earthy, musky scent often linked with calming effects, while limonene delivers citrus notes with an uplifting feel. Increasingly, research and consumer experience suggest terpenes play a key role in shaping a strain’s overall effects—sometimes more than THC percentage alone.
THC and CBD
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two most talked-about cannabinoids. THC is the compound primarily responsible for cannabis’ psychoactive effects, while CBD is non-intoxicating and often used for wellness, relaxation, or balancing the effects of THC. Understanding THC and CBD levels on a label is vital for choosing strains that align with a new user’s comfort level.
Other Cannabinoids
Beyond THC and CBD, the cannabis plant contains over 100 cannabinoids. Two terms newcomers might come across are CBN (cannabinol), which is often associated with sleep, and CBG (cannabigerol), linked to focus and calm. While research is ongoing, knowing that cannabis is more than “just THC” helps new users appreciate the plant’s complexity.
Flower, Concentrates, and Edibles
Terminology also extends to product types. “Flower” refers to dried cannabis buds, the traditional form most associated with smoking. “Concentrates” are products where cannabinoids and terpenes are extracted into more potent forms, such as wax, shatter, or oil. “Edibles” are food and beverage products infused with cannabis. Each has a different onset time, potency, and duration of effects. New users often start with flower or low-dose edibles to explore their comfort level.
Landrace and Designer Strains
The term “landrace” refers to original strains that developed naturally in specific regions—like Afghan or Durban Poison. These strains serve as building blocks for modern “designer strains,” which are often bred for specific terpene profiles, potency, or branding appeal. Names like “Gelato,” “Blue Dream,” or “Wedding Cake” aren’t just marketing; they often reflect a combination of flavor, heritage, and effect profile that consumers learn to recognize.
Why Terminology Matters
Learning cannabis terminology is more than vocabulary—it’s a way to navigate dispensary menus, communicate preferences, and make informed decisions. It also connects new users to the broader culture and history of cannabis, where strain names and terpene talk reflect generations of growers, consumers, and communities.
For beginners, taking the time to understand these terms makes the journey into cannabis more enjoyable, safe, and personalized. Whether someone is looking for relaxation, focus, creativity, or relief, the language of cannabis is the first step to discovering what works best for them.